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Archive Record
Metadata
Item ID# |
A2010.099.1407 |
Title |
1837-1851 document folders |
Object Name |
Photocopy |
Dates of Creation |
Originals 1837-1851, [Photocopied 19--?] |
Creator |
Canada. Department of Indian Affairs |
Other Creators |
Saugeen First Nation Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation |
Description |
These photocopied documents are part of series 2, file 1 (Saugeen First Nation and Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation related documents - Saugeen Nawash claims). This consists of 15 folders, labelled by years follows: 1837, 1838. 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851. The contents of the folders were chiefly copied from microfilm and resources held at the National Archives of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada), including material from NAC's reference number RG 10 (including parts of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds). Some of the documents have had numbers added by Dr. Peter Schmalz or Public History Inc. Yellow post-it notes stuck to some of the pages contain notes made by Dr. Peter Schmalz. The folders include documents related to Saugeen First Nation and Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation, as well as other First Nations, such as copies of transcribed treaties, Indian Affairs reports, correspondence between Department of Indian Affairs and various bands and government agents (including Anderson and Oliphant), petitions or claims. The following consists of keywords or notes related to some of the contents of some of the folders. When the form of document is not mentioned, it is generally correspondence. "1837" - Correspondence; Coldwater; Waywaynoth; "general Indian policy to civilize"; Tecumtha-edea; objections to the treaty 1836; "Wawanosh states his rights"; Madwayosh; Nawash petition re: Saugeen lands. "Christian Guardian", June 4, 1837, p. 34 re: Saugeen relinquishment of land, no claim to annuities, at the River Saugeeng, Messrs. Stinson and Huson to the Mission House for "piece of pie and a tumbler of milk", description of the Mission, Hurlburt. "Life of Peter Jones", presents to Saugeen Indians at Manitoulin, Aug. 1837, Capt. Anderson, Mrs. Jameson (p. 386-387). American Indians directed to go to Saugeen. "1838" - Letter to John Strachan re: F.B. Head treaty talks on Manitoulin in August 1836. Ryerson's use of eyewitness Stinson's account of 1836 Saugeen Treaty. "Christian Guardian," Aug. 1, Aug. 29, Sept. 5. Aug. 1: "Indians and their Rights and Interests". Aug. 29: letter of Thomas Hurlburt, to Saugeeng on July 20, 1838 and then to Manitoulin Island. Sept. 5 [transcribed]: Evans diary. Re. James Evans made Fishing Islands July 23, met by Mr. McDonald, agent of Huron Fishing Co., invited to preach to "French and half-breed", picked up forwarded luggage, "for the use of these islands they pay annually one hundred dollars." Letter, "Straight even against Head". Chief William Wawanosh. Transcribed: Christian Guardian, Apr. 25, 1838, James Evans on F.B. Head and surrender of Saugeen Territory. Commentary on F.B. Head. 2002 letter, Gwen Patterson on Toscanini/Taguinini/Otagoanini, Assiginak, Anderson, French names anglicized. "1839" - Transcript of 1839 Report of the Executive Council. Correspondence - P. Schmalz note: "Additional "Wawanosh Papers" from U. of W.O. re: Saugeen." U.S. Indians to settle on Manitoulin. Give money to Saugeens for 1836 surrender. Saginong Indians from U.S. "Canadian Indians and the Law" excerpts re: trespass, squatters. Facts relative to the Canadian Indians, Aborigines' Committee, London, 1839: title question, Head treaty. "1840" - "File Annuity Accounts 1840-1860". Note "Annuity approved by Executive Council," wish Saugeens to move north in tract or to Manitoulin. Three Saugeen chiefs. Tawgayonene, Wawanosh. Credit River band to move to Saugeen. Colonial office to set 1836 compensation. Numbers getting 1836 annuity. Printed: Aborigines' Committee report, London, 1840. Arthur papers. "1841" - Correspondence re: 1841 attack on Wawanosh chieftainship. "1842" - Correspondence with notes "Paid for surrender by Wawanosh" and "Tagayonini; Indian-French marriage at Penetanguishene." "1843" - Correspondence, some with notes: "Tagayonini; Asance asks Wawanosh and band to come and live at Saugeen." Settle 1836 treaty boundary in favour of the Indians; trader prosecuting Matigwaub for debt. Wahbahdik. Difficulty of dealing with squatters. Request for adoption of 56 Indians, named. - "demonstrates choice of residency." From "Journal of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, 1847 - "Evidence of the Rev. T. Williams (respecting the Chippewas of Saugeen) - religion, morals, upbringing, skills. "1844" - Manuscript: Correspondence [first]. Oct. 1844 letter to Governor General, Saugeen Indians at Owens Sound to appoint a new chief, Peter Saco; "We were informed by the Com[ ] at Penetanguishene that our former Chief is no longer acknowledged as such by the Government." [P.S. Note: "McGregor 'seduced' the daughter of the hereditary chief, 1844."] Letter, "Indian Office, Toronto, 17 Oct. 1844. The hereditary chief Wabatic has held his present [ ] in the tribe ever since I have anything to do with the Indian Department. He is occasionally intemperate but not to such a degree as to justify his dismissal. And I believe if a person by the name of McGregor (who commands a small schooner on Lake Huron and who altho' a married man with a family which reside at Goderich, has succeeded in seducing a daughter of this chief to live with him on board the vessel) could be kept away from the Indian village at Owen's Sound the Chief would not be so frequently led astray but McGregor I am informed is in the habit of anchoring his vessel near to the village and during his stay persists in selling or bartering whiskey to the Indians. Complaints have been made to me against this man by the Missionary Herchman. I furnished him with a copy of the Act for the punishment of persons supplying the Indians with spiritous liquors, and explained to him how he was to proceed to obtain the necessary proof against McGregor to [ ] his [correction]. This [.uid.] has not been transmitted to me. I know not on what authority [the] Commissary of Penetanguishene took upon himself to state to the Indians that their [kind] chief has been [dismissed]. [ ] the [ ] of the Petition to his [ ] ... ... signature illegible." "Referred to the C.S.I. Affairs ... by command." Source: NAC, RG 10, Vol. 121, pp. 4897-4900, Reel C-11480. "1844" - Correspondence [continued]. Petition of Saugeen Chiefs and reply from government, Dec. 18, 1844, presenting misconduct of Wabatic; delegation to Toronto with Chief Peter Sacko and missionary William Herchman. Charges against Wabatic: "consented to the surrender of our Land to Sir Francis Bond Head", does not divide money fairly, drinks, appropriates government presents, bad temper, disregards Jarvis' advice, "Wabatic encourages Scotchman Alexander McGregor to come to our village and he wishes to remain there. He sold his daughter to McGregor for one keg of Whiskey. McGregor has been in the habit of bringing whiskey to the village and giving and selling it to the Indians". Chief Superintendent replied that he will inform the Governor General and invite Wabatic to reply. "1844" - Correspondence [continued]. Indian bands at St. Clair and Aux Sables charged Wawanosh with misuse of band funds. Jacob Metigoob to Chief Wawanosh: Sarnia Indians asked to join in fishing at Saugeen, to hire a vessel and a good captain, to bring seine nets, barrels and salt, and goods to barter. P.S. Note: "Lands 'reserved' for Indians were protected. Technically the Pen. was not a reserve till argument against 'protecting' Saugeen Pen.; part of Canadian wilderness, not a reserve; but royal deed." "1845" - Indian Office correspondence. "Saugeens ' We have always found you ready to assist us with your advice.'" Propose Pottawatomie Indians go to Manitowaning; they objected. Tagayonini, his claim to Canada Company land around Goderich and possibly down to Kettle Point (P.S. note). P.S. note: "All Oj. to remove to Saugeen." Saugeen Pen. reserved as "a general colonization of the Ojibwa Nation". Establishing survey boundary, Saugeen Pen.: request, Saugeen, Sept. 26, 1845, from Jacob Metigwaub and Chief Alexander, "to have a Boundary line run by some one authorized person as near on the old Indian path as possible from here and thence to the Bay of Owen Sound". Wahbadick got $100/year in addition to his presents. Payment for 1836: P.S. note, "not 500 but 331 Indians paid for Treaty 1836 ... but could be increased to L1200 if reaches 500 people". P.S. Note: "Anderson's humanity, takes over". Printed: The Christian Guardian, Sept. 17, 1845: "The Indian Chiefs at the Council beginning June [ ] last at Saugeeng, a part of Canada West between lake Huron and Manitowaning, numbered nearly two hundred ...". The Christian Guardian, July 5, 1846: letter dated July [ ] 1836, signed by chiefs Wawanash, Oojebeod[], Megezeensk, Shuedawgun, titled "To the Chippeway Indians, who are scattered through Upper Canada", starts: "Relations, We shake you by the hand. ..."; P.S. note: "Key document. If all Oj don't gather at Saugeen Pen., they must sell the land." Appendix EEE [8 Victoriae]: number of Indians in each tribe. App EEE: history of the surrenders, needed to compensate the Indians for the land; "induce" them to surrender. App EEE: Description of "Chippawas of Saugeen (Lake Huron)" [Evidence of Chief Superintendent]; 1837 missionary description; present number 197, including a score of Pottawatamies; settlement not visited by government officer since 1837; now (1845) six log houses, the rest are bark huts or wigwams; Methodist mission house built about 1831; "They are entitled to share in the annuity of L1250, recently granted in exchange for the Saugeen territory, surrendered to Sir F. Head in 1837 ..."; "They have also had a school, conducted by an Indian, and maintained by the same body [Methodists], since the close of 1842." "1846" - Correspondence. "Attack on Wahbadick"; David Sawyer, Newash village. Indian Village, Sahgeeng: 150 lb. of potatoes to prevent starvation. John Frost, merchant for Indians, potatoes, seed wheat for Saugeen. P.S. Note: "Wawanosh claimed all the land including Goderich incorrectly. This Indian (?) is satisfied if Wawanosh takes the annuities but he wants $200/year for his natural life (see other letters for author)." Chiefs: Sawyer, Sacko, Wabetick; Joseph L. Rush made the altar and painted the church. Moses Madwoyosh educated at U.C.C. Squatters problem; no boundary line at Owen Sound. Two boxes of axes. School materials. P.S. Note: "Goderich claim illustrates problem of claims movement". Claims in "Pennefather Commission's assessment of Indian conditions - Canada West". Aisance. Saugeen petition to know amount of annuities. Lumber, potash, soil, lumber in southern Ontario: report of C. Rankin. Printed: Lord Glenelg to F.B. Head: your "vigilant Humanity ... toward this helpless Race of Men ..."; arrangements at Lake Huron approved. J. Legislative Assembly; P.S. Note: "1836 may not be considered valid in law because of low compensation (annuity later set up)"; "Manitoulin not Head's idea, good island". "1847" - Memorandum for Mr. Anderson; P.S. Note: "Saugeens in 1847 not under the Indian Protection Act - done by Anderson - squatters". Schedule of surrendered lands, 1820-1837. Map: "Plan. ... surrenders made by the Indians in Upper Canada to the ..."; Chippawas, 1825; Saugeens, 1836; "Indian Reserve". Printed: 8 Victoriae, Appendix EEE, March 20: forming of the commission on annual grant of money made for the Indians in this province. 8 Victoriae, Appendix T, June 24: Report of the commission on the affairs of the Indians in Canada, re presents, lands, annuities; P.S. Note: "Focus was on making the Indians farmers. 100 acres for each ... any other activity than farming distracted from their civilization program - no hunting or fishing were encouraged..."; P.S. Note: "Moravian missionaries do not want the Head treaty changed. 1839-40, Pot. in from U.S. 1,200"; P.S. Note: "Prevent squatters by getting surrenders of excess lands ..."; P.S. Note: "Indians not encouraged to fish." "Neither Indians or whites had no belief in the buying and selling of lake beds. ... Two classes of squatters. ..."; P.S. Note: "Squatters. Impossible to protect wild lands."; P.S. Note: "John Aisence praising Eng. over Americans"; P.S. Note: "1829. Told to go to Manitoulin Is. (from St. Joseph's Is.) 7 years before Head surrender. Asking gov. for a gun ...". Pages showing the amounts of annuities and presents payable to the different tribes / Sessional Papers, Appendix T, 1847. "1848" - Research index card for June 1848; P.S. Note: "Chief David Sawyer at Nawash writing to S.I.A. Thomas G. Anderson encouraging removal to Owen Sound but few came". "1849" - Correspondence from Nawash, Owen Sound and Saugeen. Issues include "fishing lease to William ?, sureties Butchard and Kennedy", "Peter Jarvis appropriated annuities to his own use." "1850" - Correspondence from Owen Sound and from Indian Dept. P.S. Note: "Oral tradition of land ownership". Wabadick. Printed: Book excerpt, Derek G. Smith, "Canadian Indians and the law," Toronto, 1975, pp. 40-47; 13 and 14 Victoria (1850) Cap. 74 re Act to protect Indians from imposition, trespass, injury; P.S. Note: "Vandusen broke the law". "1851" - Correspondence from Owen Sound and from Indian Dept. and others. Sawyer. Metigwab. Agreement of Owen Sound, Colpoys Bay and Caughnawaga chiefs re deputation; cession of land. Transcribed Treaty 67. Schoolcraft, Henry R. "Personal Memoirs ...", p. 483. Copway, George "The Traditional History and Characteristic Sketches of the Ojibway Nation" experpt p. 13-27. Gazetteer and Director of the County of Grey 1865-1866. Census material including: a) Information about 1851 census, Greenock Twp.; b) Transcript of "Colpoy's Bay Band Annuity & Commutation Money in Lieu of Presents" listing recipients and place of birth. c) Transcript of "Owen Sound Band Annuity & Commutation Money in Lieu of Presents and including Rent from Asugeng Fishing Islands for 1853" (listing recipients and place of birth.) d) List: "Family Origins of Bands 122 & 123 : 1851 Census" with headings "Born in U.S.", "Born in Canada, but outside Saugeen Territory", "Born in Saugeen Territory", "Birthplace noted as Canada" and "Birth Place not given in Fear of Removal" e) Microfilm printouts from 1851 census of Bruce County: Brant Township, Arran Twp. listing Indian names f) Microfilm printout, 1851 census, of Grey County, for Indians listed in townships of Derby, Euphrasia, St. Vincent and Sydenham. |
Collection |
Schmalz, Peter fonds |
System of arrangement |
See fonds-level description for information about system of arrangement. These folders were in original box 43. |
Parent Object |
Schmalz Series 2, File 1 |
Level of Description |
Item |
Physical Description |
16 cm of textual records (15 folders) |
Restrictions on Use |
Responsibility for determining the copyright status and any use rests exclusively with the user. |
Places |
Bruce Peninsula Cape Croker Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation Colpoy's Bay Fishing Islands Goderich Owen Sound Saugeen First Nation Saugeen Peninsula |
People |
Evans, James Hurlburt, Thomas, Rev. Jarvis, Peter Jones, Peter Kegedonce (Chief) Keeshig, Charles Madwayosh, Alexander Metikwaub, Jacob Wahbahdick, J.T. (John Thomas) Wawanosh family Williams, Thomas |
Search Terms & Subjects |
Agriculture Cultural relations Farming Financial records First Nations - Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation First Nations - Saugeen First Nation Fisheries Fishing Fishing industry & commercial fishing Government policy Hunting & trapping Land claims Law & legal affairs Politics & government Treaties |